Allotropes of Oxygen

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Compare the properties of the oxygen allotropes O₂ and O₃ and account for them on the basis of molecular structure and bonding[/cs_text][/cs_column][/cs_row][/cs_section][cs_section parallax=”false” separator_top_type=”none” separator_top_height=”50px” separator_top_angle_point=”50″ separator_bottom_type=”none” separator_bottom_height=”50px” separator_bottom_angle_point=”50″ style=”margin: 0px;padding: 45px 0px;”][cs_row inner_container=”true” marginless_columns=”false” style=”margin: 0px auto;padding: 0px;”][cs_column fade=”false” fade_animation=”in” fade_animation_offset=”45px” fade_duration=”750″ type=”1/1″ style=”padding: 0px;”][cs_text]

• Allotropy: The existence of two or more alternative forms of the same element in the same physical state.
• Two allotropes of oxygen are:
  • Molecular oxygen (O₂), also known as diatomic oxygen.
  • Ozone (O₃), also known as triatomic oxygen.

 

Property	Molecular oxygen	Ozone	Explanation
Melting point	– 219°C	– 193°C	Ozone has a higher molecular mass than oxygen, and thus requires more energy in order to change state
Boiling point	– 183°C	– 111°C	(Same as for melting point, above)
Density	About the same as air	About 1.5 times that of air	Ozone is a larger molecule than oxygen
Solubility in water	Sparingly soluble	Considerably more soluble than oxygen	Ozone is slightly polar, while oxygen is non-polar
Stability	Very stable	Easily decomposed	It is much easier for ozone’s single coordinate covalent bond to be broken than oxygen’s double covalent bond
Oxidising strength	Moderately strong	Very strong	(Same as for stability, above)

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