Microscopic Membrane Filters

[cs_content][cs_section parallax=”false” separator_top_type=”none” separator_top_height=”50px” separator_top_angle_point=”50″ separator_bottom_type=”none” separator_bottom_height=”50px” separator_bottom_angle_point=”50″ style=”margin: 0px;padding: 45px 0px;”][cs_row inner_container=”true” marginless_columns=”false” style=”margin: 0px auto;padding: 0px;”][cs_column fade=”false” fade_animation=”in” fade_animation_offset=”45px” fade_duration=”750″ type=”1/1″ style=”padding: 0px;”][cs_text]Monitoring and Management‎ > ‎5. Water‎ > ‎

Describe the design and composition of microscopic membrane filters and explain how they purify contaminated water[/cs_text][/cs_column][/cs_row][/cs_section][cs_section parallax=”false” separator_top_type=”none” separator_top_height=”50px” separator_top_angle_point=”50″ separator_bottom_type=”none” separator_bottom_height=”50px” separator_bottom_angle_point=”50″ style=”margin: 0px;padding: 45px 0px;”][cs_row inner_container=”true” marginless_columns=”false” style=”margin: 0px auto;padding: 0px;”][cs_column fade=”false” fade_animation=”in” fade_animation_offset=”45px” fade_duration=”750″ type=”1/1″ style=”padding: 0px;”][cs_text]

  • Membrane Filter: A thin film of synthetic polymer through which there are pores of reasonably uniform size.
  • Membrane filters are commonly made of:
    • Polypropylene.
    • Polyvinylchloride (PVC).
    • Polycarbonate.
    • Polyester.
    • Polysulfone.
    • Polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • There are two main types of membrane filters:
    • A sheet of porous material folded around a central rigid porous core.
      • Particles are trapped on the outside, while clean water flows through.
      • Forms a cartridge that can be placed in a suitable housing mounted in a water pipe.
    • Porous material formed into hollow capillaries.
      • Particles are trapped on the outside, while clean water flows through.
      • Large numbers of capillaries are bundled together to form a filtering unit with a large surface area.
  • Membrane filters are classified according to the size of their pores:
    • Nanometre (nm): One billionth of a metre.
    • Microfiltration (MF) membranes remove particles of 200-500 nm, such as microscopic parasites, viruses, and fine colloidal particles.
    • Ultrafiltration (UF) membrandes remove particles of 2-100 nm, such as paint particles and large organic molecules.
    • Nanofiltration (NF) membranes remove particles of less than 1 nm, such as metal ions and small molecules.
  • Many membrane filters can be cleaned by blowing air from the clean side to dislodge trapped particle on the other side, and can therefore be reused.
  • Membrane filters can be used for:
    • Filtering drinking water.
    • Treating waste-water.

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