What Are Ligands?

The Chemistry of Art > 5. Complexes > What Are Ligands? >

Describe molecules or ions attached to a metal ion in a complex ion as ligands

Complexes:

• A complex ion has
  • A central metal cation
  • Surrounded by a group of anions or molecules
  • These are known as ligands
• Compounds that contain complex ions are called coordination compounds

Ligands:

• Examples include
  • Anions (E.g Cl^– or CN^–)
  • Polar molecules (E.g H₂O or NH₃)
• Co-ordinate covalent bonds form between the ligands and the transition metal ion
  • Uses the lone pair electrons of the ligand