[cs_content][cs_section parallax=”false” separator_top_type=”none” separator_top_height=”50px” separator_top_angle_point=”50″ separator_bottom_type=”none” separator_bottom_height=”50px” separator_bottom_angle_point=”50″ style=”margin: 0px;padding: 45px 0px;”][cs_row inner_container=”true” marginless_columns=”false” style=”margin: 0px auto;padding: 0px;”][cs_column fade=”false” fade_animation=”in” fade_animation_offset=”45px” fade_duration=”750″ type=”1/1″ style=”padding: 0px;”][cs_text]Industrial Chemistry > 5. Saponification is an important organic industrial process > Performing Saponification In School > [/cs_text][cs_text style=”color: #800000;font-family: “Oxygen”,sans-serif;”]Describe the conditions under which saponification can be performed in the school laboratory and compare these with industrial preparation of soap.
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| Parameter/Condition | School Laboratory | Industry |
| Production | Small scale | Large scale |
| Raw materials | Generally cheap and limited to Coconut oil, NaOH, water, food coloring and NaCl | Not limited, good quality and generally include blended fats and oils (tallow, coconut oil, palm kernel oil and palm oil), colorant, fragrances and various active ingredients |
| Equipment | Stirrer, hot plate | Distiller, heater, mixer, molder |
| Temperature and Pressure | – Standard atmospheric pressure
– Temperature is about 50-80oC using bunsen burner. |
– High pressure (about 4.5-5 MPa)
– High temperature (240-270OC ) |
| Reaction Time | – about 1 hour
– Overnight solidification of soap. |
– Washing and setting of soap takes several days. |
| Safety | – Follows standard laboratory measures (wear of goggles, gloves, lab gown, etc) | – Follows standard laboratory operational rules (wear protective clothing, gloves, goggles, etc) |
| Waste Disposal | – Liquid layer (mainly glycerol, water and excess NaOH) above soap is decanted and transferred to designated waste container | – By-product such as glycerol is purified and sold to the cosmetics industry for cream-related uses |
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